by,Iprep.1a(Near) In aice, cois, le hais, le taobh(with gen.); in aice le, taobh le. By the fire, the sea, cois na tine, na farraige. By himself, leis féin, as féin, ina aonar. He kept by himself, d'fhan sé i leataobh. I have no money by me, níl airgead ar bith faoin láimh agam. bNorth by East, ó thuaidh lámh soir. 2(Along, via) By land and sea, ar muir is ar tír. To go by the same road, dul an bóthar céanna. To go by Derry, dul bealach Doire. 3a(Agency, means) (Active vb. in Irish) He was knocked down by Seán, leag Seán é. bIt has been completed by him, tá sé críochnaithe aige. Burnt by the sun, dóite ag an, ón, ngrian. Known by the name of X, dá ngairtear X. I called him by his name, ghlaoigh mé air ina ainm. By (an) error, in earráid. By chance, de thaisme. He did it (all) by himself, rinne sé as a chonlán féin é. Three feet by two, trí troithe ar dhá throigh. To travel by rail, by car, by bicycle, taisteal ar traein, i gcarr, ar rothar. A book by Brown, leabhar leis an mBrúnach. c (With gerund) By doing that you will offend him, má dhéanann tú sin cuirfidh tú fearg air. What do you gain by doing that?, cén mhaith dhuit é sin a dhéanamh?We shall get it by waiting, gheobhaimid é ach fanacht leis. 4By rote, de ghlanmheabhair. By right, le ceart. By rights, leis an gceart a dhéanamh. By the clock it is three, tá sé a trí de réir an chloig. By appearances, de réir cosúlachta. By your leave, i gcead duitse. By (the terms of) article five, de réir alt a cúig. By my orders, ar m'ordúsa. To sell sth. by the pound, rud a dhíol de réir an phuint. He is paid by the month, íoctar é in éadan na míosa. 5By degrees, de réir a chéile, as a chéile. By turn(s), ar seal. Take them out one by one, bain amach iad ina gceann agus ina gceann, ceann ar cheann. By twos, ina bpéirí, ina mbeirteanna. 6By day, de sholas lae; sa lá. 7(Of point in time) He will be here by three o'clock, beidh sé anseo roimh a trí a chlog. By the end of the week, faoi cheann na seachtaine. He ought to be here by now, by this time, ba chóir dó a bheith anseo faoi seo, um an dtaca seo. 8This one is longer by two feet, is faide de dhá throigh an ceann seo; tá dhá throigh ag an gceann seo ar an gceann eile. By far, i bhfad. By a little, de bheagán. 9I know him by sight, tá aithne shúl agam air. He is a tailor by trade, táilliúireacht an cheird atá aige. I have done my duty by him, rinne mé mo dhualgas ina leith. 10 (In oaths) By God, dar Dia. To swear by the book, mionn an leabhair a thabhairt; an leabhar a thabhairt. II►by, adv.1In aice láithreach. Close by, hard by, cóngarach, ar ghort an bhaile. Nau: By and large! le cóir is le ciúnas!F: Taking it by and large, tríd is tríd. 2 (Aside) To lay, put, set, sth. by, rud a chur i leataobh, i dtaisce. 3 (Past) To go, pass, by, imeacht thart. That time is gone by, tá an lá sin thart. 4Adv. phr.By and by, ar ball beag. By the bye, gach scéal trí na sceachóirí; dála an scéil. III►by(e)1, a.By(e) effect, toradh m neamhdhíreach, fothoradh m.