ar2,
prep. (
Pron. forms:
orm, ort, air m, uirthi f, orainn, oraibh, orthu)
(In references of a general nature it does not normally affect initial letter of following noun, e.g. ar muir, ar cíos, ar cosa in airde, on sea, rented, galloping. In qualified or particularized references it lenites, e.g. ar mhuir na beatha, ar chíos mór, on the sea of life, at a high rent. Eclipses in a few instances, e.g. ar gcúl, backwards) (For rules governing use with article see an1)
I. On, in, at. 1. (a) (Place or position) Ar neamh, ar talamh, ar tír, in heaven, on earth, on land. Ar cnoc nó ar machaire, on hill or plain. Ar an urlár, ar mo cheann, on the floor, on my head. Ar bhonn mo bhróige, on the sole of my shoe. (b) (Relative position) Ar tosach, in front. Ar mo chúl, behind me. Ar mo ghualainn, at my shoulder. Ar shála a chéile, at each other’s heels. Ar cheann na sochraide, at the head of the funeral procession. (c) (Localities, usually with article) Ar an mbaile seo, in this town. Ar an gCnoc, ar na Cealla Beaga, at Knock, in Killybegs. 2. (a) (Support) Ar rothaí, ar cheithre cosa, on wheels, on four legs. Ar cheap cloiche, on a stone base. (b) (Posture) Ar a ghlúine, ar shlat a dhroma, on his knees, on the flat of his back. Ar corr, ar fiar, edgeways, askew. (c) (Attachment) Ar ancaire, ar teaghrán, anchored, tethered. Ar adhastar, ar srian, on a halter, on a bridle. Bhí an chaora ar adharc aige, he held the sheep by the horn. 3. (Dimensions) Ar fad, ar leithead, ar airde, ar doimhneacht, ar tiús, in length, breadth, height, depth, thickness. 4. (a) (Attendance) Ar scoil, ar an aonach, ar an Aifreann, at school, at the fair, at Mass. (b) (Membership) Ar meitheal, ar bhord fiosrúcháin, on a work-team, on an enquiry board. Ar an triúr a tháinig aréir, among the three who came last night. Ar mhná áille na hÉireann, one of the most beautiful women in Ireland. (c) (Order of precedence) Tá sé ar an duine is deise acu, he is the nicest person among them. Bhí sé ar an dara fear a tháinig isteach, he was the second man who came in. 5. (a) (Similitude) Ar dhath an róis, rose-coloured. Ar dhéanamh báid, boat-shaped. Ar ghile na gréine, bright as the sun. Ar chiall na bpáistí, with no more sense than a child. (b) (Similarity) Fear ar d’ainm, ar do chosúlacht, a man of your name, appearance. 6. (Range, compass) Ar amharc, ar éisteacht, within sight, hearing. Ar feadh m’eolais, as far as I know. Ar fud na tíre, throughout the country. 7. (a) (State) Ar meisce, ar seachrán, drunk, astray. Ar a shuaimhneas, taking his ease. Ar an anás, in want. Ar deil, in proper working order. Ar (a) fheabhas, excellent. (b) (Dependence) (Beo) ar arán, ar a shaothrú, ar an déirc, (living) on bread, on his earnings, on charity. Ar leathshúil, having only one eye. Ar thoil Dé, depending on the will of God. 8. (Activity) Ar an obair seo, at this work. Ar a urnaí, at his prayers. Ar mo dhícheall, doing my best. Ar an ord, working with the sledge-hammer. Ar na scadáin, fishing for herring. Ar a bainne, ar a bleán, (of cow) giving milk, being milked. 9. (a) (Conditions) Ar acht, ar choinníoll, ar chuntar, (go), on condition (that). (b) (Terms). Ar cairde, ar iasacht, ar malairt, on credit, on loan, in exchange. (c) (Prices) Ar chéad punt, for one hundred pounds, Ar scilling an ceann, at a shilling each. Ar ór na cruinne, (not) for all the gold in the world. 10. (a) On account of. Ar ghrá Dé, ar mhaithe leis féin, for the love of God, for his own sake. Ar eagla a gcaillte, for fear of losing them. Ar a cneastacht, for her honesty. Ar mhéad a dheifre, so great was his hurry. (b) In return for. Ar tuarastal, ar a chuid, for a salary, for his meals. Ar bheagán buíochais, with small thanks. Ar mhórán saothair, with great effort. (c) As a result of. Ar mo chuireadh, at my invitation. Ar a iarratas, on his application. (d) By. Ar m’anam, ar mo choinsias, by my soul, by my conscience. Ar m’fhocal duit (go), I give you my word (that). (e) In respect of. Goll ar ghaisce, a Goll for valour. 11. (a) (Addition) Duine ar fhichid, twenty-one persons. Trí bliana ar chéad, one hundred and three years. (b) (Progression) Ceann ar cheann, céim ar chéim, one by one, step by step. 12. (Movement, travel) (a) (Direction) Ar aghaidh, ar gcúl, ar deis, ar clé, forwards, backwards, to the right, to the left. Theas air, south of it. Chuaigh sé amach ar an doras, he went out by the door. (b) (Manner) Ar sodar, ar marcaíocht, trotting, riding. Ar an mbád, ar an traein, by boat, train. (c) (Purpose) Ar cuairt, ar teachtaireacht, ar oilithreacht, on a visit, a message, a pilgrimage. 13. (Time) Ar maidin, ar a sé a chlog, in the morning, at six o’clock. Ar an aimsir seo, in this weather, these times. Ar an dea-uair, at a fortunate time; fortunately. Ar an lá deireanach, on the last day. 14. (With vn.) (a) (State) Ar crith, ar crochadh, ar foluain, trembling, hanging, hovering. Ar díol, on sale. (b) (Action) Ar éirí dom, when I get, got, up. Ar a theacht, on his coming. Ar iompú boise, in the turn of a hand, suddenly. 15. (Prep. and adv. phrases) See acht1 3, aghaidh1, aon2 II 2, ball 6,7, bith1, bun110, caoi1, cor1, cuma1, dóigh1,2, iarraidh 4, nós1 2, siúl 5, 6, son2 2, tús 1(a).
II. (With substantive vb.) 1. (a) (In reference to outer parts of body or thing, regardless of position) Tá ceann, cosa, air, it has a head, legs. Tá simléar, doirse, air, it has a chimney, doors. Tá dhá thaobh air, it has two sides. (b) (Appearance) Tá dath donn air, it is of a brown colour. Tá cuma chaite orthu, they look worn. Tá gnaoi na hóige uirthi, she has the bloom of youth. (c) (Feature, occurrence) Tá colm ar a aghaidh, there is a scar on his face. Bhí poll ar mo mhuinchille, there was a hole in my sleeve. Tá bric ar an loch sin, there are trout in that lake. Má tá faobhar ar do scian, if your knife has a sharp edge. Bhí deireadh tubaisteach ar an scéal, the story had a tragic ending. (d) (Ingredient) Tá siúcra ar an tae, the tea is sugared. Tá sé maith ar bhainne, it is good (when taken) in milk. (e) (Of anything covering or enclosing, attached to or supported by body or thing) Tá clár, clúdach, air, it has a lid, a cover. Tá úlla ar na crainn, the trees are bearing apples. Tá mála mine air, he is carrying a bag of meal. Bhí culaith ghorm orm, I was wearing a blue suit. Dá mbeadh trucail ar an asal, if the donkey were drawing a cart. 2. (Circumstances relating to or affecting person or thing) Tá dóigh mhaith oraibh anseo, you are in a good way here. Bhí an t-ádh orm, I was lucky. Tá ainm, scéal, air sin, there is a name for, a story about, that. Tá clú file air, he has the reputation of being a poet. Tá cúis dlí air, there is a lawsuit against him. Beidh turas fada oraibh, you will have a long journey. Dá mbeadh ceannach ar leabhair, if books were being bought. Níl bac ort fanacht anseo, there is nothing to prevent you from staying here. 3. (a) (Duties, obligations, rights, responsibilities, etc.) Tá cúram páistí, muirín mhór, orthu, they have children to care for, a large family to support. Tá aire na hoifige, fostú na bhfear, air, he has to attend to the office, employ the men. Beidh costas na scéime orainn, we will have to bear the cost of the scheme. Tá ceart dúchais agam air, I have a hereditary right to it. Beidh a mbás ort, you will be held responsible for their death. Tá orm labhairt leis, I must speak to him. (b) (Dependence) Tá ár gcuid ar Dhia, we are depending on God’s providence. Tá mo tharrtháil ort, you are the only one who can rescue me. 4. (Feelings, emotions, appetites, afflictions, etc.) Tá codladh, tuirse, eagla, cumha, air, he is sleepy, tired, afraid, homesick. Bhí fearg, fonn troda, orm, I was angry, eager to fight. Ná bíodh imní ort, don’t be anxious. Tá lúcháir orm gur éirigh leat, I am glad you succeeded. Tá grá, gráin, aithne mhaith, air, he is loved, hated, well-known. Bhí tinneas cinn, an slaghdán, orm, I had a headache, a cold. Dá mbeadh tart, ocras, laige, ar dhuine, if one were thirsty, hungry, weak. Tá díobháil an tobac air, he feels the want of tobacco. Cad tá ort? What’s wrong with you? 5. Over. (a) (Of authority) Bhí rí ar Éirinn, there was a king of Ireland. Tá sé ina mháistir orthu, ina údarás ar an dlí, he is their master, an authority on law. (b) (Of advantage) Tá buntáiste aige ort, he has an advantage over you. Tá orlach, bliain, agat orm, you are an inch taller, a year older, than I am. Bhí míle agam air, I was a mile ahead of him (in race). 6. (Debts, costs, prices) Tá fiacha troma orthu, they are heavily in debt. Tá punt agam air, he owes me a pound. Tá scilling ar an iris sin, that journal costs a shilling. Tá cíos, cáin, gearradh, air, it is subject to a rent, a tax, a rate. 7. (Changes, omens) Tá fearthainn, sneachta, sioc, air, it is going to rain, snow, freeze. Tá cogadh air, there is a war brewing. 8. (Of thing in which person is engaged) Cad é an chaint atá ort? What are you talking about? Tá obair mhaslach orainn, we are doing fatiguing work. Nach moch an siúl atá orthu? Aren’t they early afoot? 9. (After adjectives, with object) Tá sí ceanúil ar pháistí, she is fond of children. Tá siad santach ar airgead, they are greedy for money. Tá sin maith ar chasacht, that is good for a cough. Bhí sé deas ar an stiúir, he was skilful at the rudder, at steering.
III. (With other vbs.) 1. (With verbs of wide application) See cuir ar, déan ar, gabh ar, imigh ar, lig ar, tabhair ar, tar ar, téigh ar. 2. (a) (Of position) Seas, suigh, luigh, ar, stand, sit, lie, on. Cónaigh, codail, ar, reside, sleep, on. S.a. fág ar, fan1 1. (b) (Of motion towards, movement upon) Siúil, rith, sleamhnaigh, ar, walk, run, slide, on. Léim, damhsaigh, satail, ar, jump, dance, trample, on. S.a. cas2 8(a), fill1 1(a), 2 (b), 3, tarraing ar. 3. (a) (Of action on, in relation to, against) Ardaigh, iompair, luchtaigh, ar, raise, carry, load, on. Doirt, sil, scaird, ar, pour, drain, squirt, on. Séid, seinn, ar, blow, play (music), on. Ceangail, croch, ar, tie, hang, on. Aimsigh, dírigh, ar, aim, point, at. Freastail ar, attend to, upon; be present at. Roinn ar, divide among. Spréigh, scaip, ar, spread, scatter, over. Ceil, folaigh, ar, conceal, hide, from. Cosain, díon, ar, protect, secure, against. Chuir sé amach a theanga orm, he put out his tongue at me. S.a. beir 5, bris ar, buail ar, caith ar, cuir ar, guigh, leag ar, scaoil 2 (g), tóg ar. (b) (Of transactions) Ceannaigh, díol, ar, buy, sell, at, for. Gnóthaigh, caill, ar, gain, lose, by. Fostaigh, malartaigh, ar, employ at, exchange for. (c) (Of failure, loss, deprivation) Theip air, he failed. Sháraigh an obair air, he was unable for the work. Sheol an bád air, the boat sailed without him, he missed the boat. Cailleadh a mhac air, he lost his son. Chuaigh an tine as orm, the fire went out on me. Mhill sé an obair orm, he spoiled the work on me. Ná cuir as an solas orm, don’t put out the light on me. S.a. bain ar, inis2 5. 5. (a) (Of senses) Amharc, breathnaigh, dearc, féach, ar, look at, consider. Glinnigh, stán, ar, peer, stare, at. S.a. airigh1 1, aithin1 4, braith 4, mothaigh n2. (b) (Of thought) Smaoinigh, meabhraigh, machnaigh, cuimhnigh, ar, think of, meditate on, ponder over, remember. (c) (Of expression) Labhair, scríobh, trácht, ar, speak, write, about; mention. Glaoigh, scairt, ar, call to, shout at. Deimhnigh, mionnaigh, ar, certify, swear, about, against. Achainigh, impigh, ar, petition, implore.